This Article Full Text (PDF) References Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Cook, E. D Articles by Probstfield, J. L Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Cook, E. D Articles by Probstfield, J. L Social Bookmarking                   What's this?

Minority recruitment to the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT)

Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Unit 1360, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Post Office Box 301439, Houston, TX 77230-1439, USA edcook{at}mdanderson.org

Sarah Moody-Thomas

Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA

Karen B Anderson

Russell Campbell

Southwest Oncology Group Statistical Center, Seattle, WA, USA

Sandra J Hamilton

Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

Joseph M Harrington

Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

Scott M Lippman

The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

Lori M Minasian

National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA

Electra D Paskett

Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

Stephen Craine

Cooperative Studies Program, Department of Veterans Affairs

Kathryn B Arnold

Southwest Oncology Group Statistical Center, Seattle, WA, USA

Jeffrey L Probstfield

University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

Background Previous large chemoprevention studies have not recruited significant numbers of minorities. The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) is a large phase III study evaluating the impact of selenium and vitamin E on the clinical incidence of prostate cancer. Over 400 SELECT study sites in the USA, Canada, and Puerto Rico recruited men to this trial. The SELECT recruitment goal was 24% minorities, with 20% black, 3% Hispanic, and 1% Asian participants. The goal for black participants was set at 20% because of their proportion in the United States population and their prevalence of prostate cancer.

Methods The minority recruitment strategies in SELECT were to: 1) consider minority recruitment during site selection; 2) expand the eligibility criteria by lowering the age criterion for black men and including men with controlled co-morbid illnesses; 3) develop a national infrastructure; 4) give additional funds to sites with the potential to increase black enrollment; and 5) provide resources to maximize free media opportunities to promote SELECT.

Results SELECT recruitment began in August 2001 and was intended to last five years, but concluded two years ahead of schedule in June 2004. Of the 35 534 participants enrolled, 21% were minorities, with 15% black, 5% Hispanic, and 1% Asian.

Conclusions Careful planning, recruitment of large numbers of clinical centers and adequate resources accomplished by the combined efforts of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG), SELECT Recruitment and Adherence Committee (RAC), SELECT Minority and Medically Underserved Subcommittee (MMUS), and the local SELECT sites resulted in attainment of the estimated sample size ahead of schedule and recruitment of the largest percentage of black participants ever randomized to a cancer prevention trial.

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				T. M. Vogt, R. G. Ziegler, B. H. Patterson, and B. I. Graubard Racial Differences in Serum Selenium Concentration: Analysis of US Population Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Am. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2007; 166(3): 280 - 288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Fairfield and M. Stampfer Vitamin and mineral supplements for cancer prevention: issues and evidence Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2007; 85(1): 289S - 292S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]