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TREAD: TReatment with Exercise Augmentation for Depression: study rationale and design

Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9119, USA; madhukar.trivedi{at}utsouthwestern.edu

Tracy L Greer

Bruce D Grannemann

Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA

Timothy S Church

Centers for Integrated Health Research, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA

Daniel I Galper

Prabha Sunderajan

Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA

Stephen R Wisniewski

Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

Heather O Chambliss

Alexander N Jordan

Carrie Finley

Centers for Integrated Health Research, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA

Thomas J Carmody

Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA

Background Despite recent advancements in the pharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), over half of patients who receive treatment with antidepressant medication do not achieve full remission of symptoms. There is evidence that exercise can reduce depressive symptomatology when used as a treatment for MDD. However, no randomized controlled trials have evaluated exercise as an augmentation strategy for patients with carefully diagnosed MDD who remain symptomatic following an adequate acute phase trial of antidepressant therapy.

Purpose TReatment with Exercise Augmentation for Depression (TREAD) is an NIMH-funded, randomized, controlled trial designed to assess the relative efficacy of two doses of aerobic exercise to augment selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment of MDD.

Methods The TREAD study includes 12 weeks of acute phase treatment with a 12-week post-treatment follow-up. In addition to looking at change in depressive symptoms as a primary outcome, it also includes comprehensive assessment of psychosocial function and treatment adherence.

Results This paper reviews the rationale and design of TREAD and illustrates how we address several key issues in contemporary patient-oriented research on MDD: 1) the use of augmentation strategies in the treatment of depressive disorders in general, 2) the use of non-pharmacological strategies in the treatment of depressive disorders, 3) the considerations of designing a well-controlled trial using two active treatment groups, and 4) the implementation of an adherence program for the use of exercise as a treatment strategy.

Conclusions The TREAD study is uniquely designed to overcome sources of potential bias and threats to internal and external validity that have limited prior research on the mental health effects of exercise. The study is facilitated by the development of a multidisciplinary research team that includes experts in both depression treatment and exercise physiology, as well as other related fields.

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